until和by的用法區別

1. by表示在某特定的時間之前或不遲於某特定的時間,意爲”最遲在;不遲於”或”在……之前”等。如:

①I will finish my task by nine.我將在九點鍾前完成任務。

②The plane takes off at 10:00, so you must try to be at the airport by 9:30.飛機在十點鍾起飛,所以你必須在九點半趕到機場。

2. until用在肯定句,謂語動詞通常是延續性動詞,如stand, stay, talk, wait等,表示主句動作終止的時間。如:

③I waited until he came back.我一直等到他廻來。

④The war lasted until 1945.戰爭持續到1945年。

如果用在否定句,謂語動詞通常是瞬間性動詞,如open, start, leave, arrive, finish, stop等,強調主句動作開始的時間。如:

⑤I didn’t leave the boy until his mother turned up.直到這孩子的母親來,我才離開。

⑥The noise of the street didn’t stop until it was midnight.街上的噪音直到半夜才停止。