charge-up

基本解释

Every retailer has to charge a mark-up to cover overheads, and faces a tension between the immediate pressures of competition and the need to stay in business.
每家零售商都必须为支付管理费而收取溢价，面临着一时的竞争压力与必须维持经营之间的矛盾。
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Some cite the example of Chile, where a universal voucher scheme that allows schools to charge top-up fees seems to have improved the education of the best-off most.
有人举智利为例，该国普及了允许学校收取附加学费的学券计划，但似乎只最大程度地提高了最富裕学生的教育水平。
Micro-Strip Gas Chamber (MSGC) fabricated on CVD diamond substrate would overcome the charge-up effect and the substrate instability, which has been a hotspot in the research of gas detectors.
另外，CVD金刚石膜在气体探测器中作为微条气体室（MSGC）基板可有效克服基板不稳定性和电荷积累效应，成为当前气体探测器的研究热点。

The only real restrictions imposed on private schools were that they must run their admissions on a first-come-first-served basis and promise not to charge top-up fees (most American voucher schemes impose similar conditions).
ECONOMIST: Education vouchers: Free to choose, and learn The
Some cite the example of Chile, where a universal voucher scheme that allows schools to charge top-up fees seems to have improved the education of the best-off most.
ECONOMIST: Education vouchers: Free to choose, and learn