excess reserves

基本解释

Since only $10 mustbe held against the new $100 in deposits, $90 is excess reserves and can giverise to $900 of additional deposits(7).
既然为新的100美元的存款只需要保留10美元，90美元都是超额准备金并可以生出900美元的新存款（7）。
In this case the central bank — by increasing excess reserves — would de facto monetize commercial bank liabilities and thus increase the outstanding stock of money.
在这种情况下，央行通过增加超额准备金，实际上等于将商业银行的负债货币化，从而增加货币流通量。
In the first stage of the process, total loans anddeposits of the banks rise by an amount equal to the excess reserves existingbefore any loans were made (90 percent of the initial deposit increase).
在该过程的第一阶段，总贷款与银行存款增加，数量等于在任何贷款以前的超额准备金（开户存款基础上增加的90%）。

T-Bills are purchased by Depository Institutions, who pay for them with Excess Reserves, or Vault Cash.
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But deregulated outfits like Enron are less likely to store excess reserves in the ground.
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First, neither excess reserves nor the monetary base (currency plus bank reserves) are money.
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