hard

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柯林斯词典

hard /hɑːd/ (harder,hardest)

1. ADJ Something that is hard is very firm and stiff to touch and is not easily bent, cut, or broken. 坚硬的
He shuffled his feet on the hard wooden floor. 他拖着脚走在坚硬的木地板上。
2. hardnessN-UNCOUNT 坚硬
He felt the hardness of the iron railing press against his spine. 他感觉到硬梆梆的铁栏杆抵住了他的脊梁骨。
3. ADJ Something that is hard is very difficult to do or deal with. 困难的
It's hard to tell what effect this latest move will have. 很难说最近的这次行动将会有什么样的影响。
That's a very hard question. 那是个很难的问题。
4. ADV If you work hard doing something, you are very active or work intensely, with a lot of effort. 努力地[ADV after v]
I'll work hard. I don't want to let him down. 我会努力工作。我不想让他失望。
5. ADJ Hard is also an adjective. 努力的[ADJ n]
I admired him as a true scientist and hard worker. 我钦佩他是一名真正的科学家和勤奋的工作者。
6. ADJ Hard work involves a lot of activity and effort. 费劲的
Coping with three babies is very hard work. 照顾3个小宝宝是件很累人的活儿。
...a hard day's work. …一天累人的工作。
7. ADV If you look, listen, or think hard, you do it carefully and with a great deal of attention. 仔细地[ADV after v]
He looked at me hard. 他仔细地看着我。
8. ADJ Hard is also an adjective. 仔细的
It might be worth taking a long hard look at your frustrations and resentments. 也许值得对你的挫折感与愤懑做仔细的分析。
9. ADV If you strike or take hold of something hard, you strike or take hold of it with a lot of force. 用力地[ADV after v]
I kicked a rubbish bin very hard and broke my toe. 我狠狠踢一个垃圾桶，踢破了脚趾头。
10. ADJ Hard is also an adjective. 用力的[ADJ n]
He gave her a hard push which toppled her backwards into an armchair. 他给了她用力的一推，将她向后推倒在一把扶手椅上。
11. ADV You can use hard to indicate that something happens intensely and for a long time. 厉害地[ADV after v]
I've never seen Terry laugh so hard. 我从没见过特里笑得如此厉害。
12. ADJ If a person or their expression is hard, they show no kindness or sympathy. 冷酷无情的
His father was a hard man. 他父亲是个冷酷无情的人。
13. ADJ If you are hard on someone, you treat them severely or unkindly. 严厉的[v-link ADJ 'on' n]
Don't be so hard on him. 别对他太严厉。
14. ADV Hard is also an adverb. 严厉地[ADV after v]
He said the security forces would continue to crack down hard on the protestors. 他说安全部队将继续严厉镇压抗议者。
15. ADJ If you say that something is hard on a person or thing, you mean it affects them in a way that is likely to cause them damage or suffering. 难以忍受的[v-link ADJ 'on' n]
The grey light was hard on the eyes. 昏暗的光线使眼睛很难受。
16. ADJ If you have a hard life or a hard period of time, your life or that period is difficult and unpleasant for you. 艰难的
It had been a hard life for her. 对她而言，那曾是一段艰难的日子。
17. hardnessN-UNCOUNT 艰难
In America, people don't normally admit to the hardness of life. 在美国，人们通常不承认生活的艰辛。
18. ADJ Hard evidence or facts are definitely true and do not need to be questioned. 确凿的[ADJ n]
He wanted more hard evidence. 他想要更多确凿的证据。
19. ADJ Hard drugs are very strong illegal drugs such as heroin or cocaine. 烈性的 (毒品)[ADJ n]
He then graduated from soft drugs to hard ones. 他随后从服用软性毒品逐步发展到服用烈性毒品。
20. PHRASE If you say that something is hard going, you mean it is difficult and requires a lot of effort. 艰难的
The talks had been hard going at the start. 会谈在开始时是艰难的。
21. PHRASE To be hard hit by something means to be affected very severely by it. 被...严重影响
California's been particularly hard hit by the recession. 加利福尼亚受到经济衰退的影响尤为严重。
22. PHRASE If someone plays hard to get, they pretend not to be interested in another person or in what someone is trying to persuade them to do. 故意摆谱
I wanted her and she was playing hard to get. 我渴望她，她却摆架子。

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剑桥词典

hard adjective (SOLID)

Babies like to chew on hard objects when they're teething .
The ground was frozen hard and was impossible to dig .
Brazil nuts have very hard shells .
For running on hard roads , you need shoes with extra cushioning to absorb the shock .
Mahogany is a hard wood and pine is a soft wood .

hard adjective (DIFFICULT)

I found it hard to follow what the teacher was saying, and eventually I lost concentration .
The exam is so hard that only 5% of all applicants pass .
It was hard to be angry with him when he looked so penitent .
They find it hard to live on their state pension .
Ending a relationship is always hard but in this case it's for the best .
The teacher found it hard to keep her class in order .

hard adjective (USING EFFORT)

After all that hard work , you deserve a holiday .
Give the rope a hard pull .
I gave the door a hard push , but it still wouldn't open .
After a hard climb , we were rewarded by a picture-postcard vista of rolling hills under a deep blue summer sky .
The last part of the course is much harder.