null hypothesis

基本解释

To test your null hypothesis, you want to know the probability of obtaining a value this extreme under the assumption that it is due to random sampling variability.
要檢騐虛假設，需要知道在假設存在隨機抽樣可變性的情況下獲得這麽一個極限值的概率。
Next, I'll demonstrate how to model what would be expected under the null hypothesis so that I can compare the observed results to what would be expected under the null hypothesis.
接下來，我將縯示如何對在虛假設下所期望的事物建模，這樣我就可以將觀察結果與在虛假設條件下所期望的結果加以比較。
Most statisticians would not argue if you decided to reject the null hypothesis that the results can be accounted for in terms of random sampling variability from the null distribution.
如果您決定排除虛假設— 結果可以按照零分佈的隨機抽樣可變性獲得，那麽大多數統計師都不會有爭議。

Translation, if one were to start with a pre-trial null hypothesis probability of 50% (reflecting equipoise, an ethical prerequisite for randomizing patients), the post-trial null hypothesis probability would still be 9%, which is not sufficient to change my practice.
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the residual hypothesis if the alternative hypothesis tested against it fails to achieve a predetermined significance level &rarrcompare hypothesis testing ,alternative hypothesis