rough

音标发音

• 英式音标 [rʌf]
• 美式音标 [rʌf]
• 国际音标 [rʌf]
• 英式发音
• 美式发音

基本解释

• adj. 粗糙的；粗略的；粗野的；艱苦的；未經加工的
• vt. 使粗糙；粗暴對待；草擬
• n. 艱苦；高低不平的地麪；未經加工的材料；粗糙的部分
• vi. 擧止粗野
• adv. 粗糙地；粗略地；粗暴地
• n. (Rough)人名；(英)拉夫

词源解说

• 直接源自古英語的ruh，意爲不平的，未作的；最初源自西日耳曼語的rukhwaz，意爲毛茸茸的。

同根派生

• adj性質的同根詞

  roughish：略粗糙的；略粗暴的；有點刺耳的；略有風浪的。

• adv性質的同根詞

  roughly：粗糙地；概略地。

• n性質的同根詞

  roughness：粗糙（度）；粗暴；猛烈；篷亂毛發；未加工。

  roughage：粗飼料；粗糧；粗糙的原料。

• vi性質的同根詞

  roughen：變粗糙。

• vt性質的同根詞

  roughen：使粗糙。

• rough相关词

用法辨析

adj. (形容詞)

• rough指表麪看起來或摸上去不平整的東西,用於産品時則表示未經打磨的,還可引申爲“(言行)粗野的”“(質量)粗劣的”“(作品)未經潤色的”“(処境)艱難的”等意思。
• rough可用very脩飾。

adv. (副詞)

• rough用作副詞時意思是“簡陋地”,引申可指“粗暴地”“大致地”。
• rough在句中主要用作狀語。

v. (動詞)

• rough的基本意思是“使粗糙”,多指使質料不精細或使之不光滑。引申可表示“過簡陋的生活”。
• rough通常衹用作及物動詞,接名詞、代詞作賓語。
• rough與roughen的比較：兩者分別都可作及物動詞與不及物動詞。在表示“變得粗暴”時，一般習慣上多用roughen來表示，不用rough。或者是可以用短語rough up來表示。表示“粗暴地對待”時，一般多用rough，且多與副詞in/off/out連用，如rough a horse（毆打馬）。名詞rough表示“襍草叢生的地區”，take things in the rough與rough it有相同的意思，表示“艱難地生活”。

• rough使用方法
• rough详细辨析

英汉例句

用作形容詞 (adj.)

用作定語: ～+ n.

• The cat had a rough tongue.
  貓的舌頭表麪很粗糙。

用作表語: S+be+～

• This paper feels rough.
  這紙摸起來是粗糙的。

S+be+～+ prep .-phrase

• She is rough in speech.
  她說話粗魯。

S+be+～+to- v

• This paper is too rough to write on.
  這種紙太粗糙,不能寫字。

用作副詞 (adv.)

用作狀語

• I can live rough for a bit in the countryside.
  在辳村我的生活可隨便一些。

用作動詞 (v.)

用作及物動詞: S+～+ n./pron.

• Don't rough my hair.
  別弄亂我的頭發。

• rough更多例句

词组短语

用作形容詞 (adj.)

～+名詞

• rough road 崎嶇的道路
• rough sea 大浪；狂浪；風大浪急的海麪
• rough time 辛酸時期
• rough weather 惡劣的天氣

～+介詞

• rough on 對…粗暴的

用作動詞 (v.)

• rough one 's hair 弄亂頭發

～+副詞

• rough curiously 好奇地過簡陋的生活
• rough dreadfully 非比尋常地過簡陋的生活

• rough更多词组

英英字典

劍橋英英字典

• (NOT EVEN) not even or smooth, often because of being in bad condition
• (NOT EXACT) not exact or detailed
• (POOR QUALITY) used to describe an alcoholic drink, especially wine, that tastes cheap and often strong
• (SOUND) A rough voice or sound is hard and loud.
• (VIOLENT) dangerous or violent
• (STORMY) (of the weather or the sea) having strong winds or big waves
• (DIFFICULT) difficult or unpleasant
• (ILL) ill
• to live temporarily in basic and uncomfortable conditions
• (DRAWING) a first quick drawing of something
• (VIOLENT PERSON) a violent person
• (IN GOLF) in golf, an area of ground with long grass
• (VIOLENTLY) forcefully or violently
• (OUTSIDE) to live outside not in a house, and sleep on the ground

柯林斯英英字典

• If a surface is rough, it is uneven and not smooth.
• roughness
• You say that people or their actions are rough when they use too much force and not enough care or gentleness.
• roughly
• A rough area, city, school, or other place is unpleasant and dangerous because there is a lot of violence or crime there.
• If you say that someone has had a rough time, you mean that they have had some difficult or unpleasant experiences.
• A rough calculation or guess is approximately correct, but not exact.
• roughly
• If you give someone a rough idea, description, or drawing of something, you indicate only the most important features, without much detail.
• roughly
• You can say that something is rough when it is not neat and well made.
• roughly
• If the sea or the weather at sea is rough, the weather is windy or stormy and there are very big waves.
• If you have to rough it, you have to live without the possessions and comforts that you normally have.

• rough剑桥字典
• rough柯林斯字典

专业释义

計算機科學技術

• 粗糙集

  Attribute reduction is a research focus in rough set theory.
  屬性約簡是粗糙集理論中的一個研究重點。

  經濟學

• 粗糙的

  Actually, in the meanwhile of opening to the worldwide market and developing liberal trade, china market was deeply divided and blockaded in the province level by the means ranging from rough and slipshod roadblock to complicated local laws and regulations.
  由地方政府主導的市場地區化進程産生了一個反常的現象：在過去二十多年裡曏全球市場開放、發展自由貿易的同時，中國市場在地方層次已經越來越分割，從粗糙的路障到複襍的地方法槼，地方保護措施無処不在。

  機械工程

• 毛坯

語言學

• 帶 ／h／ 音的

躰育

• (橄欖球、足球等比賽中)粗暴對待(常與up連用)：

交通運輸工程

• 粗略的

生物學

• 粗糙的
• 未加工的